| A/F |
air/fuel ratio |
| AAM |
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers |
| AAMA |
American Automobile Manufacturers Association |
| AAR |
American Association of Railroads |
| ABIL |
agriculture-based industrial lubricants |
| ABOT |
aluminum beaker oxidation test |
| ACEA |
Association des Constructeurs Europeens d'Automobiles |
| ACS |
American Chemical Society |
| AECC |
Automobile Emissions Control by Catalyst |
| AFNOR |
Association Francais de Normalisation |
| AFV |
alternate fuel vehicle |
| AGMA |
American Gear Manufacturer's Association |
| AHEM |
Association of Hydraulic Equipment Manufacturers |
| AIAM | Association of International Automobile Manufacturers |
| AIChE |
American Institute of Chemical Engineers |
| AK |
antiknocks |
| ALAPCO |
Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials |
| ALI |
AutoResearch Laboratories Incorporated |
| ANFAVEA |
Brazil Auto Manufacturer's Association |
| ANIQ |
Mexican equivalent to the CMA |
| ANPRM |
advance notice of proposed rule making (US-EPA) |
| ANSI |
American National Standards Institute |
| AO |
antioxidant |
| AOCS |
American Oil Chemists Society |
| APE |
Association of Petroleum Engineers |
| API |
American Petroleum Institute |
| APRAC |
Air Pollution Research Advisory Committee |
| AQIRP |
Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program |
| AQL |
acceptable quality levels |
| ARB |
Air Resources Board (California) |
| ASLE |
American Society of Lubrication Engineers |
| ASME |
American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| ASTM |
American Society for Testing and Materials |
| ATA |
American Trucking Association |
| ATC |
Technical Committee of Petroleum Additive Manufacturers in Europe |
| ATD |
Allison Transmission Division of GM |
| ATF |
automatic transmission fluid |
| ATIEL |
Association Technique de I'Industrie Europeenne des Lubrifiants (European Oil Marketers Association) |
| AW |
anti-wear |
| AWD |
all-wheel drive |
| bhp-hr |
brake horsepower hour |
| BIA |
Boating Industry Association (now NMMA) |
| BLF |
British Lubricants Federation |
| BNP |
Bureau de Normalisation des Petroles (France) |
| BOCLE |
ball on cylinder lubricity evaluator |
| BOI |
base oil interchange |
| BOTD |
ball on three disks |
| BOTS |
ball on three seats |
| BSFC |
brake specific fuel consumption |
| BSI |
British Standards Institution |
| BTC |
British Technical Council of the Motor and Petroleum Industries |
| C-4 |
Allison ATF specification |
| CAA |
Clean Air Act |
| CAAA |
Clean Air Act Amendment |
| CAFE |
corporate average fuel economy |
| CARB |
California Air Resources Board |
| CASAC |
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee |
| CCD |
combustion chamber deposits |
| CCDI |
combustion chamber deposit interference |
| CCMC |
Comite des Constructeurs d'Automobiles du Marche Commun (predecessor of ACEA) |
| CCPA |
Canadian Chemical Producers Association |
| CCR |
Conradson carbon residue |
| CCS |
cold crank simulator |
| CD-2/CF-2 |
API 2-stroke diesel engine oil specification |
| CDP |
candidate data package |
| CEC |
California Energy Commission |
| CEC |
Coordinating European Council |
| CEFIC |
Conseil Europeen des Federations de l'Industrie Chimique |
| CEN |
Conseil Europeen de Normalisation |
| CEPA |
Canadian Environmental Protection Act |
| CES |
Cummins Engineering Specification |
| CFI |
cold flow improver |
| CFPP |
cold filter plugging point |
| CFR |
Coordinating Fuel and Equipment Research Committee |
| CFV |
clean fuel vehicle |
| CG |
conventional gasoline |
| CGSB |
Canadian General Standards Board |
| CH4 |
API heavy duty engine oil specification |
| CI |
cetane index |
| CIDI |
compression ignition direct injection (diesel) |
| CIMAC |
Congres International des Machines a Combustion |
| CLR |
Committee on Lubricants Research |
| CM |
Cincinnati Milacron |
| CMA |
Chemical Manufacturers Association |
| CMAQ |
Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program |
| CN |
cetane number |
| CNG |
compressed natural gas |
| CNPC |
China National Petroleum Corporation |
| COC |
Cleveland open cup |
| CONCAWE |
Conservation of Clean Air and Water-Europe |
| COP |
Code of Practice |
| CPC |
Chinese Petroleum Corporation |
|
CPPI |
Canadian Petroleum Products Institute |
|
CRADA |
Cooperative Research and Development Agreement |
|
CRC |
Co-ordinating Research Council, Incorporated |
|
CRDPF |
continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter |
|
CRT |
constantly regenerating trap |
|
CSTCC |
continuously slipping torque converter clutch |
|
CVMA |
Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers Association |
|
CVS |
constant volume sampling |
|
CVT |
continuously variable transmission |
|
DAP |
Detroit Advisory Panel of API |
|
DCC |
DaimlerChrysler Corporation |
|
DDC |
Detroit Diesel Corporation |
|
DEOAP |
Diesel Engine Oil Advisory Panel (API/EMA) |
|
DETA |
diethylene triamine |
|
DEXRON |
General Motors ATF specification |
|
DFA |
diesel fuel additive |
|
DHYCA |
Direction des Hydrocarbures et des Carburants |
|
DI |
detergent inhibitor |
|
DI |
direct injection |
|
DI |
drivability index |
|
DII |
diesel ignition improver |
|
DIN |
Deutsches Institut fur Normung |
|
DKA |
Deutscher Koordinieungsausschuss |
|
DME |
dimethyl ether |
|
DOC |
diesel oxidation catalyst |
|
DOCP |
dispersant olefin copolymer |
|
DOD |
Department of Defense |
|
DOE |
Department of Energy |
|
DOT |
Department of Transport |
|
DPF |
diesel particulate filter |
|
DPMA |
dispersant polymethacrylate |
|
DSP |
dual spark engine |
|
DTBP |
di-tert-butyl phenol |
|
EC |
Environment Canada |
|
EC |
European Community |
|
EC |
Japan's Environmental Council |
|
ECCC |
electronically controlled converter clutch |
|
ECE |
Economic Commission for Europe |
|
EC-II |
Energy Conserving-II (engine oil designation) |
|
ECM |
electronic control module |
|
EEB |
European Environmental Bureau |
|
EEC |
European Economic Community |
|
EELQMS |
European Engine Lubricant Quality Management System |
|
EFTC |
Engine Fuels Technical Committee (CEC) |
|
EGR |
exhaust gas recirculation |
|
EIA |
Energy Information Administration (DOE) |
|
ELTC |
Engine Lubricant Technical Committee (CEC) |
|
EMA |
Engine Manufacturers Association |
|
EO-L/M |
Mack heavy duty diesel engine oil specifications |
|
EOLCS |
Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System (API) |
|
EP |
end point |
|
EP |
extreme pressure |
|
EPA |
Environmental Protection Agency (US) |
|
EPACT |
Energy Policy Act |
|
EPEFE |
European Programme on Emissions, Fuels and Engine
Technologies |
|
ERC |
Environmental Research Consortium |
|
ESI |
extended service interval |
|
ETBE |
ethyl-t-butyl ether |
|
ETLP |
Engine Tests of Lubricants Panel (IP) |
|
ETS |
Engineering Test Services |
|
EU |
European Union |
|
EUROPIA |
European Petroleum Industry Association |
|
EV |
electric vehicle |
|
EVA |
ethyl vinyl acetate |
|
FATG |
Fuel Additives Task Group (CMA) |
|
FBP |
final boiling point |
|
FBRU |
fuel boiling range unleaded gasoline |
|
FCC |
fluid catalytic cracker |
|
FE |
fuel economy |
|
FEL |
family emission limit |
|
FERC |
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission |
|
FFV |
flexible fueled vehicle |
|
FIP |
Federal Implementation Plan |
|
FQP |
Fuel Quality Position (EMA) |
|
FT |
Fischer-Tropsch |
|
FTC |
Federal Trade Commission (US) |
|
FTP |
Federal Test Procedure (EPA) |
|
FWD |
front- or four-wheel drive |
|
FZG |
Forschungstelle fyr Zahnrader und Getriebau |
|
GAO |
General Accounting Office (US) |
|
GATC |
gross additive treat cost |
|
GDI |
gasoline direct injection |
|
GDP |
Gross Domestic Product |
|
GDTC |
gross delivered treating cost |
|
GEO |
natural gas engine oil |
|
GF-2/3/4 |
passenger car motor oil classification (ILSAC) |
|
GFC |
Groupement Francais de Coordination |
|
GL-4/5 |
gear service characteristics (API) |
|
GM |
General Motors |
|
GMOT |
General Motors oxidation test |
|
GO-J |
Mack gear oil specification |
|
GPA |
gasoline performance additives |
|
GRPE |
Groupe de Rapporteurs pour la Pollution et l'Energie |
|
GSA |
General Services Administration (US) |
|
GTAB |
gasoline treated as blend stock |
|
GTL |
gas to liquids |
|
GVW |
gross vehicle weight |
|
HAPEM |
Hazardous Air Pollution Exposure Model |
|
HDD |
heavy duty diesel |
|
HDDO |
heavy duty diesel oil |
|
HDE |
heavy duty engine |
|
HDVIP |
Heavy Duty Vehicle Inspection Program |
|
HEFCAD |
high energy, friction characteristics and durability |
|
HEI |
Health Effects Institute |
|
HEUI |
hydraulically operated, electronically controlled unit
injectors |
|
HF-O/1/2 |
hydraulic fluid specifications (Denison) |
|
HFRR |
high frequency reciprocating rig test |
|
HHO |
home heating oil |
|
HTHSRV |
high temperature high shear rate viscosity |
|
I/M |
inspection and maintenance |
|
IBP |
initial boiling point |
|
IC |
internal combustion |
|
IChemE |
Institute of Chemical Engineers (UK) |
|
IDI |
indirect injection |
|
IEA |
International Energy Agency |
|
IFP |
Institut Francais du Petrole |
|
ILEV |
inherently low-emission vehicle |
|
ILMA |
Independent Lubricant Manufacturers Association |
|
ILSAC |
International Lubricant Standardization and Approval
Committee |
|
IP |
Institute of Petroleum (UK) |
|
IPTO |
independent power take-off |
|
ISO |
International Organization for Standardization |
|
ISTEA |
Intermodal Surface Transportation Act (US) |
|
IVD |
intake valve deposit |
|
IVDT |
intake valve deposit test |
|
IVHS |
Intelligent Vehicle Highway System |
|
JAMA |
Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association |
|
JARI |
Japanese Automotive Research Institute |
|
JASO |
Japanese Automotive Standards Organization |
|
JAST |
Japanese Society of Tribologists |
|
JCAP |
Japan Clean Air Program |
|
JD |
John Deere |
|
JIS |
Japanese Industrial Standards |
|
JPI |
Japanese Petroleum Institute |
|
JSAE |
Japanese Society of Automotive Engineer |
|
LAC |
lowest additive concentration |
|
LCO |
light cycle oil |
|
LDT |
light duty truck |
|
LDV |
light duty vehicle |
|
LEV |
low-emission vehicle |
|
LMOA |
Locomotive Maintenance Officers Association |
|
LNG |
liquefied natural gas |
|
LRI |
Lubricant Review Institute |
|
LS |
limited slip |
|
LSC |
Lubricant Standards Committee |
|
LSD |
low sulfur diesel |
|
LSR |
light straight run gasoline |
|
LSRD |
low sulfur road diesel |
|
LTCD |
Light Truck Clean Diesel |
|
LTFT |
low temperature flow test |
|
MAAG |
Monitoring Agency Advisory Group (CMA) |
|
MAD |
mileage accumulation dynamometer |
|
MB |
Mercedes-Benz |
|
MECA |
Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association |
|
MERCON |
Ford ATF specification |
|
MIL |
malfunction indicator light |
|
MIL |
Military Specification |
|
MIRA |
Motor Industry Research Association (UK) |
|
MITI |
Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan) |
|
MMT |
methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl |
|
MOA |
memorandum of agreement |
|
MOD |
Ministry of Defense (UK) |
|
MOE |
Ministry of Energy (UK) |
|
MOL |
Ministry of Labor (Japan) |
|
MON |
motor octane number |
|
MOT |
Ministry of Transport (UK) |
|
MOU |
memorandum of understanding |
|
MTAC |
Multiple Test Acceptance Criteria |
|
MTBE |
methyl-t-butyl ether |
|
MVEG |
Motor Vehicle Emissions Group |
|
MVMA |
Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association |
|
NAAQS |
National Ambient Air Quality Standard (US) |
|
NACE |
National Association of Corrosion Engineers |
|
NAFTA |
North American Free Trade Agreement |
|
NATC |
net additive treat cost |
|
NCDT |
New Category Development Team (API/EMA) |
|
NCET |
New Category Evaluation Team (API/EMA) |
|
NCM |
National Comite Motorproeven (Netherlands) |
|
NCP |
Non-Conformance Penalties |
|
NCRP |
National Cooperative Research Program |
|
NCWM |
National Conference on Weights and Measures |
|
NDOCP |
non-dispersant olefin copolymer |
|
NDTC |
net delivered treat cost |
|
NEB |
National Environmental Board (Thailand) |
|
NEDO |
New Energy and Technology Development Organization
(Japan) |
|
NEFI |
New England Fuel Institute |
|
NESCAUM |
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management |
|
NGEO |
natural gas engine oil |
|
NGVA |
Natural Gas Vehicle Association |
|
NHTSA |
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
|
NIST |
National Institute of Standards and Technology (US) |
|
NLEV |
national low-emission vehicle |
|
NLGI |
National Lubricating Grease Institute (US) |
|
NMHC |
non-methane hydrocarbons |
|
NMMA |
National Marine Manufacturers Association |
|
NMOG |
non-methane organic gases |
|
NORA |
National Oil Recyclers Association |
|
NOx |
nitrogen oxides |
|
NPRA |
National Petrochemical & Refiners Association (US) |
|
NPRM |
notice of proposed rule making (EPA) |
|
NRC |
Natural Resources Canada |
|
NRCC |
National Research Council of Canada |
|
NREL |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory |
|
NUTEK |
Swedish National Board for Industrial and Technical
Development |
|
NVFL |
National Vehicle and Fuel Lab (EPA) |
|
OBD |
on-board diagnostic |
|
OBD-II |
on-board diagnostic II |
|
OCP |
olefin copolymer |
|
ODI |
oil drain interval |
|
OECA |
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance |
|
OEM |
original equipment manufacturer |
|
OMB |
Office of Management and Budget (US) |
|
OMS |
Office of Mobile Sources (EPA) |
|
ORD |
Office of Research and Development (EPA) |
|
ORD |
octane requirement decrease |
|
ORI |
octane requirement increase |
|
OTA |
Office of Technology Assessment (DOE) |
|
OTAG |
Ozone Transport Assessment Group |
|
OTC |
Ozone Transport Commission |
|
PADD |
Petroleum Administration for Defense District |
|
PAH |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
|
PAJ |
Petroleum Association of Japan |
|
PAO |
polyalphaolefin |
|
PAPTG |
Product Approval Protocol Task Group (CMA) |
|
PBA |
polybutene amine |
|
PC |
proposed classification |
|
PCEO |
passenger car engine oil |
|
PCMO |
passenger car motor oil |
|
PCV |
positive crankcase ventilation |
|
PDVSA |
Petroleos de Venezuela |
|
PEA |
polyether amine |
|
PFI |
port fuel injection |
|
PIB |
polyisobutylene |
|
PIBA |
PIBamine |
|
PIBSA |
polyisobutyl succinic anhydride |
|
PM |
particulate matter |
|
PM |
Pensky-Martin |
|
PM10 |
particulate matter less than 10 microns diameter |
|
PM2.5 |
particulate matter less than 2.5 microns diameter |
|
PMA |
polymethacrylate |
|
PMAA |
Petroleum Marketers Association of America |
|
PNA |
polynuclear aromatic |
|
PNGV |
Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (US) |
|
PPD |
pour point depressant |
|
ppm |
parts per million |
|
PSIP |
Periodic Smoke Inspection Program |
|
PTB |
pounds per 1000 barrels |
|
PTIT |
Petroleum Technical Institute of Thailand |
|
PTT |
Petroleum Authority of Thailand |
|
PUL |
premium unleaded gasoline |
|
PVL |
permanent viscosity loss |
|
QPL |
Qualified Products List (US Military) |
|
R&O |
rust and oxidation |
|
RAF |
reactivity adjustment factor |
|
RBOB |
reformulated (gasoline) blended for oxygenate blending |
|
RBOT |
rotating bomb oxidation test |
|
RFG |
reformulated gasoline |
|
RME |
rapeseed methyl ester |
|
RON |
research octane number |
|
RSI |
Registration Systems, Incorporated (CMA monitoring
agency) |
|
RUL |
regular unleaded gasoline |
|
RVP |
Reid vapor pressure |
|
RWD |
rear-wheel drive |
|
SAE |
Society of Automotive Engineers |
|
SASH |
sulfated ash |
|
SBE |
severity bias estimate |
|
SCAQM |
South Coast Air Quality Management (California) |
|
SCOWT |
sprig clutch overrunning wear test |
|
SCR |
selective catalytic reduction |
|
SEA |
Selective Enforcement Audit |
|
SIB |
sulfurized isobutylene |
|
SIDI |
spark ignition direct injection |
|
SIGMA |
Society of Independent Gasoline Marketers of America |
|
SIP(s) |
State Implementation Plan(s) |
|
SMR |
Svenska Mekanisters Riksforenig |
|
SNPRM |
supplemental notice of proposed rule making (EPA) |
|
SNV |
Schweizeische Normenvereiniung |
|
SOF |
soluble organic fraction |
|
SSU |
Saybolt Second Universal (same as SUS) |
|
STAPPA |
State and Territorial Air Pollution Program
Administration |
|
STLE |
Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers |
|
STOU |
super tractor oil universal |
|
SUS |
Saybolt Universal Second (same as SSU) |
|
SUV |
sport utility vehicle |
|
SwRI |
Southwest Research Institute |
|
TAC |
toxic air contaminant |
|
TAG |
Technical Advisory Group (CMA) |
|
TAN |
total acid number |
|
TBN |
total base number |
|
TCW-3 |
water cooled 2-cycle engine oil specification |
|
TDC |
top dead center |
|
TEL |
tetraethyl lead |
|
TEOST |
thermal-oxidation engine oil simulation test |
|
TFB |
Swedish Transport Research Board |
|
TFOUT |
thin film oxygen uptake test |
|
TGF |
top groove fill |
|
THOT |
turbo hydramatic oxidation test |
|
TISI |
Thailand Industrial Standards Institute |
|
TLEV |
transitional low-emission vehicle |
|
TMA |
Truck Manufacturers Association |
|
TMC |
The Maintenance Council |
|
TMC |
Test Monitoring Center (ASTM) |
|
TME |
tall methyl ester |
|
TO-2/4 |
Caterpillar transmission oil specification |
|
TOST |
turbine oxidation stability test |
|
TOU |
tractor oil universal |
|
TO-X |
heavy duty diesel engine oil specification |
|
TRC |
Transportation Research Center |
|
TTC |
Transportation Technology Center (AAR) |
|
TUV |
Technischer Uberwachungs Verien |
|
TVL |
temporary viscosity loss |
|
TWD |
total weighted demerit |
|
UEIL |
Union Europeenne des Independants en Lubrifiants |
|
UKOIA |
UK Oil Independents Association |
|
UKPIA |
UK Petroleum Industry Association |
|
UL |
unleaded gasoline |
|
ULEV |
ultra low-emission vehicle |
|
USCAR |
United States Council for Automotive Research |
|
USS |
US Steel |
|
UTTO |
universal tractor transmission oil |
|
VGRA |
viscosity-grade read across |
|
VI |
viscosity index |
|
VII |
viscosity index improver |
|
VMT |
vehicle miles traveled |
|
VOC |
volatile organic compound |
|
VOF |
volatile organic fraction |
|
VTEC |
variable valve timing and lift electronic control |
|
VTWT |
valve train wear test |
|
VVT |
variable valve timing |
|
WSIM |
water separation index modified |
|
WSPA |
Western States Petroleum Association |
|
ZDP/ZDTP |
zinc dithiophosphate |
|
ZEV |
zero emission vehicle |